What developmental condition primarily affects voluntary movement control in children?

Cerebral Palsy primarily affects voluntary movement control in children due to its impact on the brain's ability to coordinate muscle movements. This neurological disorder occurs as a result of abnormal development or damage to the areas of the brain that control motor functions. As a result, children with cerebral palsy often experience challenges with coordination, balance, and fine motor skills, which can manifest in a variety of ways such as difficulty walking, holding objects, or performing other tasks that require precise movement.

In contrast, the other conditions mentioned do not primarily focus on the control of voluntary movements. Spina Bifida can lead to physical disabilities but is primarily characterized by spinal cord malformations rather than direct impairment of movement coordination. Fragile X Syndrome mainly affects cognitive development and has behavioral and learning implications rather than specifically targeting voluntary motor skills. Down Syndrome involves a range of developmental delays and physical characteristics but does not primarily center around movement control as its defining feature. Thus, cerebral palsy stands out as the condition that specifically disrupts voluntary movement control in children.