What is the leading risk factor for developing cerebral palsy?

The leading risk factor for developing cerebral palsy is premature birth. This condition arises due to a range of factors affecting brain development, and infants born prematurely, particularly those born before 28 weeks of gestation, face a significantly increased risk. The earlier a baby is born, the greater the likelihood of various complications that can lead to brain injury, including intraventricular hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) and abnormal brain development. These injuries can ultimately result in the motor impairments associated with cerebral palsy.

While low birth weight is also a significant risk factor, it often correlates with prematurity, as many premature infants are of low birth weight. Genetic disorders and infections during pregnancy can contribute to the overall risk, but the statistical link between prematurity and cerebral palsy is stronger, making it the most critical factor in this context.