What is the most frequent type of acute bacterial meningitis in children?

Streptococcus pneumoniae is indeed the most frequent cause of acute bacterial meningitis in children, particularly in those over two years of age. This organism is a major pathogen responsible for bacterial meningitis, especially in children and adults. The virulence of pneumococcus, combined with its ability to evade the host's immune system, contributes to its prevalence as a cause of meningitis.

While other bacteria, such as Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae, have historically been significant causes of bacterial meningitis in pediatric populations, their incidence has decreased with the introduction of vaccines. For instance, the Hib vaccine has dramatically reduced cases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Similarly, vaccines targeting meningococcal disease have influenced the rates of Neisseria meningitidis. Escherichia coli is more commonly associated with meningitis in neonates and younger infants, rather than in older children.

The rise in Streptococcus pneumoniae cases following the decline of the other pathogens reflects the importance of ongoing vigilance in vaccination and the management of pediatric infections, emphasizing the need to understand the shifting landscape of pathogens responsible for pediatric meningitis.