Which deficiency is associated with the development of neural tube defects?

Folate deficiency is strongly linked to the development of neural tube defects (NTDs), which are serious birth defects affecting the spine and brain. Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is crucial for DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, processes that are particularly important during periods of rapid cell division and growth, such as in early pregnancy.

Research has shown that adequate folate intake before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of NTDs. This is why health organizations recommend that women of childbearing age take folic acid supplements or consume foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals, to ensure proper levels are achieved prior to and during pregnancy.

Other nutrient deficiencies, while also important for overall health, are not as directly connected to the prevention of neural tube defects. For example, iron deficiency primarily affects hemoglobin levels and can lead to anemia, while vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies impact other developmental and physiological functions but do not play a critical role in neural tube formation.