Which diagnosis is associated with the risk of Reye's syndrome when aspirin is administered?

Reye's syndrome is a rare but serious condition that primarily affects children and adolescents, typically following a viral infection. The use of aspirin in these populations has been linked to an increased risk of developing Reye's syndrome, particularly after certain viral infections. The most commonly associated virus with this risk is varicella, or chickenpox.

When aspirin is given to a child recovering from varicella, it can lead to the development of Reye's syndrome, characterized by a rapid progression to liver failure and encephalopathy. This is why varicella is the correct association in this context. The pathology involves the combination of a viral infection and the influence of aspirin, which can provoke excessive stress on the liver and the central nervous system.

Other viral infections like meningitis, strep throat (which is bacterial), and encephalitis do not carry the same established risk for Reye's syndrome when aspirin is administered. Therefore, while aspirin use in the pediatric population should generally be avoided during viral infections to prevent the possibility of Reye's syndrome, varicella remains the most critical association in this context. Understanding this connection can aid in proper medication management and awareness in pediatric care settings.