Which neurological disorder is characterized by developmental delays and hand-flapping behavior?

The characteristics described in the question, namely developmental delays and hand-flapping behavior, are hallmark features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Individuals with ASD often exhibit a range of developmental delays, particularly in social communication and interaction skills. Hand-flapping, a stereotypic movement, is commonly observed in children with autism as a way to self-soothe or express excitement.

In the context of developmental disabilities, specific behaviors such as hand-flapping can serve as a coping mechanism for sensory overload or anxiety. The presence of these behaviors alongside developmental delays provides significant insight into the diagnosis of ASD, which encompasses a spectrum of symptoms and can vary widely in severity and manifestation.

While conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Intellectual Disabilities may also include behavioral components or developmental delays, they do not specifically encompass the characteristic repetitive movements or the distinct social communication challenges associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.