Which of the following is a common secondary cause of seizures in pediatric patients?

Seizures in pediatric patients can have a variety of underlying causes, and recognizing common secondary causes is crucial for diagnosis and management. Head trauma is a well-documented secondary cause of seizures, as it can lead to changes in brain activity either immediately following the injury or later due to factors such as swelling or scarring. Tumors in the brain can disrupt normal brain function and result in seizures due to increased pressure or direct irritation of the surrounding neuronal tissues. Infections of the central nervous system, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can also provoke seizures by causing inflammation and alteration in brain function.

Since each of these conditions—head trauma, tumors, and infections—are recognized as frequent contributors to the onset of seizures in the pediatric population, identifying them as possible underlying issues is essential for appropriate evaluation and treatment. Therefore, the choice that encompasses all of these common secondary causes is accurate and reflects a comprehensive understanding of the factors that can lead to seizure activity in children.