Which pediatric condition is characterized by a "bat-wing" appearance of the brain on imaging?

The condition characterized by a "bat-wing" appearance of the brain on imaging is lissencephaly. This term refers to a group of malformations of cortical development where the brain exhibits a smooth surface due to the absence of the normal folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci), which can lead to characteristic imaging findings. In particular, the lateral ventricles may appear to be enlarged and have a distinctive "bat-wing" configuration as they spread out due to the lack of normal cortical folding.

Lissencephaly results from disruptions in neuronal migration during fetal development, leading to significant cognitive and neurological impairments. The abnormal structure of the brain is best visualized through CT or MRI imaging, which showcases the reduction or absence of gyri and the resulting lateral ventricle shape.

Other conditions may have distinct imaging features but do not exhibit this specific "bat-wing" appearance. Hydrocephalus typically shows ventricular enlargement without the characteristic cortex alterations, while neuromyelitis optica primarily affects the spinal cord and optic nerves, not causing changes in cortical surface appearance. Chiari malformation is associated with brainstem and cerebellar structures herniating into the spinal canal, which does not produce the smooth appearance seen in liss