Which pediatric condition is specifically assessed using a PKU test?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results from the body's inability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine due to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. The PKU test, which is usually performed on newborns shortly after birth, is specifically designed to measure the levels of phenylalanine in the blood. Early detection of elevated phenylalanine levels allows for timely dietary interventions to prevent severe neurological damage and developmental delays associated with untreated PKU.

By identifying infants at risk for PKU through this test, healthcare providers can implement a specialized diet low in phenylalanine, ultimately improving the child's developmental outcomes and quality of life. This makes the PKU test uniquely linked to the assessment and management of Phenylketonuria, distinguishing it from other conditions indicated in the options provided, which are screened using different tests.