Which type of neural tube defect results in a protrusion of the spinal cord and vertebral column?

Myelomeningocele is a type of neural tube defect that is characterized by the protrusion of both the spinal cord and surrounding structures through an opening in the vertebral column. In this condition, the protective membranes covering the spinal cord (meninges) and the spinal cord itself extend out of the back, often forming a sac. This can lead to significant neurological complications because the spinal cord is not only exposed but also subject to damage.

Myelomeningocele often occurs in the lower back and is commonly associated with a range of motor and sensory deficits, depending on the location and severity of the defect. It is one of the most serious forms of spina bifida and can also be associated with hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, and other neurologic issues.

In contrast, other types of neural tube defects do not involve the spinal cord protruding through the vertebral column. For instance, spina bifida occulta typically has no visible sac or protrusion and may only involve a small defect in the bony encasement of the spinal cord, leaving the spinal cord and nerves intact. Anencephaly involves the absence of a major part of the brain, while encephalocele is characterized by a